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Rigaku Journal (ISSN 2187-9974)

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Winter 2018, Volume 34, No. 1

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Winter 2018, Volume 34, No. 1

The 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

Akihito Yamano

The 2017 Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Dr. Joachim Frank of Columbia University, Dr. Jacques Dubochet of Lausanne University and Dr. Richard Henderson of MRC Molecular Biology Institute for “developing cryo-electron microscopy for the high-resolution structure determination of biomolecules in solution”.

High-resolution atomic level structural analysis of proteins is essential for understanding life and for identifying...

A new method for quantitative phase analysis: Direct derivation of weight fractions from observed intensities and chemical composition data of individual crystalline phases

Hideo Toraya

In characterizing multi-component materials, constituent crystalline phases are first identified, and their relative abundances are quantified, in general, as a second step. Techniques of quantitative phase analysis (QPA) using the X-ray powder diffraction method have been used widely for materials characterization in research and development as well as in quality control of industrial products. Various techniques for...

Use of multi-dimensional measurement in powder X-ray diffraction

Yukiko Namatame, Takahiro Kuzumaki, Yuji Shiramata and Keigo Nagao

In powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements, the measurement mode (0D, 1D, 2D) and optical system are selected to suit the state of the sample and the purpose of the experiment. Until about 10 years ago, the typical approach was a 0D measurement using a scintillation counter (SC) combined with the Bragg-Brentano focusing method (BB optical system) or...

Comparison of analysis results between the fusion method and the pressed powder method for powder sample analysis

Hisashi Homma

The fusion method and the pressed powder method are well-known and typical sample preparation techniques in X-ray fluorescence analysis of powder samples. In the fusion method, a sample is fused with some alkali borate flux at high temperature to make a glass bead. The method allows more accurate analysis because it provides a substantially homogeneous sample specimen...

Sample preparation for X-ray fluorescence analysis VIII. Liquid solidification method

Kosuke Kawakyu

Sample preparation by liquid and droplet methods have been discussed in the previous installment of “Sample preparation for XRF analysis”. In this issue, a novel preparation method by which liquid samples are solidified is described. Solidifying samples such as lubricating oils allows measurement to be performed in vacuum instead of helium and without the need of sample...

X-ray diffractometer system with dual wavelength X-ray source: XtaLAB Synergy-DW

In straightforward terms, the XtaLAB Synergy-DW diffractometer combines the increased flux of a rotating anode source with the flexibility of two different wavelengths, making it ideal for laboratories exploring a wide range of crystallographic research interests. The system is based on Rigaku’s proven, low-maintenance MicroMax-007HF microfocus rotating anode. The target is constructed with two different source materials...

Benchtop X-ray diffractometer enabling use with HyPix-400 MF two-dimensional detector

The MiniFlex series has a 40-year legacy, and the MiniFlex benchtop X-ray diffractometer presented here is the latest model of this series. It is now possible to use MiniFlex with the HyPix 2D detector, an option previously available only for high-end models. This is a benchtop X-ray diffractometer, yet it still enables easy 2D measurement.

Thermo Plus EVO2 Differential Scanning Calorimeter DSCvesta

Thermal analysis instruments are used in a variety of fields of specialization, such as in new materials development, product evaluation, or quality control where the reaction temperature or reaction energy derived from the melting of a material can be measured easily. Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) is an analytical tool that detects the change in thermal energy generated...

Summer 2017, Volume 33, No. 2

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Summer 2017, Volume 33, No. 2

Crystal structure analysis from powder X-ray diffraction data using high-temperature attachment for capillaries

Hisashi Konaka and Akito Sasaki

The physical and chemical properties of a crystalline solid depend heavily on the conformations of the molecules and the arrangement of atoms and molecules, that is, the “crystal structure”, as well as on the composing elements and molecular structures. The single crystal structure analysis technique is used in many fields as a good tool to precisely...

Investigation for fuel-cell structures with multi-scale X-ray analysis

Kazuhiko Omote, Tomoyuki Iwata, Yoshihiro Takeda and Joseph D. Ferrara

It is well known that X-rays have wavelengths comparable with interatomic distances and can be utilized for atomic-scale structural determination. In addition, X-rays can penetrate through opaque objects and show the internal structure without destroying the object. It is for these reasons that X-rays are widely used for atomic-scale structural analysis of various kinds of crystals including...

Introduction to single crystal X-ray analysis XII. Tips for collection and processing of protein crystal data

Takashi Matsumoto

Single crystal X-ray analysis of proteins involves many hurdles to be overcome, including protein expression, crystallization, data collection and phase determination. Advanced radiation facilities, innovative detector systems, laboratory systems with high-intensity X-ray sources and newly developed software have drastically expanded the range of crystals that can be analyzed. Despite such improvements, there are still some hurdles to be...

Thickness and composition analysis of thin film samples using FP method by XRF analysis

Hikari Takahara

X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) is an elemental quantification analysis method for inorganic and metallic compounds. Sample preparation is simple and does not require solid samples to be dissolved, as is necessary for wet chemical analysis techniques. The fundamental parameter (FP) method implements quantitative analysis without type standards. The XRF technique has been widely accepted not only for...

How to measure trace amounts of sample by X-ray fluorescence analysis

Satoshi Ikeda

Figure 1 shows typical sample preparation methods for X-ray fluorescence analysis. In general, the shadowed methods are the most popular. Quality control analysis, which requires high precision, normally requires large samples as much as 20 mm–30 mm in diameter. However, in many cases it is difficult to prepare samples large enough or in sufficient quantity for R&D...

Automated multipurpose X-ray diffractometer - SmartLab SE

SmartLab SE, which includes a semiconductor detector as a “standard” component, is Rigaku’s newest automated multipurpose X-ray diffractometer system. Customers can select either the “2D” or the “1D” version of this system. If customers select the “2D” model, they can easily determine the degree of preferred orientation and coarse grain size effects from the shape of Debye-Scherrer...

Integrated X-ray diffraction software -- SmartLab Studio II

SmartLab Studio II is an integrated X-ray diffraction software package for making both measurements and analyses using SmartLab, an automated multipurpose X-ray diffractometer. Two years ago(1), the user guidance feature, flow bars, chart control, report manager, SQL database*1, and plugin modules were introduced. Now we would like to announce several new features of SmartLab Studio II for...