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Particle size and shape

Particle size and shape

XRD / SAXS determine particle and pore sizes

Physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles and nanocrystalline materials are strongly influenced by their particle size, shape and structural strain, including rheology, surface area, cation exchange capacity, solubility, reflectivity, etc. Crystallite size is performed by measuring the broadening of a particular X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak in a diffraction pattern associated with a particular planar reflection from within the crystal unit cell. It is inversely related to the FWHM (full width at half maximum) of an individual peak: the more narrow the peak, the larger the crystallite size. This is due to the periodicity of the individual crystallite domains, in phase, reinforcing the diffraction of the X-ray beam, resulting in a tall narrow peak. If the crystals are defect free and periodically arranged, the X-ray beam is diffracted to the same angle even through multiple layers of the specimen. If the crystals are randomly arranged, or have low degrees of periodicity, the result is a broader peak.

Rigaku NANOPIX mini is the world’s first benchtop small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) system that is engineered to deliver automatic nanoparticle size distribution analysis for both quality control (QC) and research and development (R&D) applications. Nanoparticle size, size distribution, and particle shape are the key pieces of information obtained from SAXS. Samples may range from solutions, suspensions or slurries to solid plastics, rubbers or polymers.

Application notes

The following application notes are relevant to this application

SAXS

Rigaku recommends the following systems:


SAXS

Small and wide angle X-ray scattering instrument designed for nano-structure analyses

Small and wide angle X-ray scattering instrument designed for nano-structure analyses

XRD

Highly versatile multipurpose X-ray diffractometer with built-in intelligent guidance

X-ray CT

High-speed, stationary sample microtomography of large samples

High-resolution benchtop microtomography of large samples

Ultra-high resolution nanotomography using parallel beam geometry

Detectors

2D X-ray detector with latest semiconductor technology designed for home lab diffractometers