Quantitative Analysis
Abundance of a sample's constituent parts
Analytical chemistry can be split into two main types: qualitative and quantitative. In qualitative analysis, the object is to establish the presence of a given element, compound, or phase in a sample. Similarly, qualitative organic or biochemical analysis seeks to establish the presence of a given functional group, organic compound, or ligand in a sample. In contrast, quantitative analysis seeks to establish the amount of a given element, compound, or some other component in a sample.
In X-ray fluorescence (XRF), an electron can be ejected from its atomic orbital by the absorption of X-rays (photons) from an X-ray tube. When an inner orbital electron is ejected, a higher energy electron transfers to fill the vacancy. During this transition, a characteristic photon may be emitted that is of a unique energy for each type of atom. The number of characteristic photons per unit time (counts per second or cps) is proportional to the amount of that element in a sample. Thus, qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis is achieved by determining the energy of X-ray peaks in a sample spectrum and measuring their associated count rates.
X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern includes information about peak positions and intensity. The peak positions are indicative of the crystal structure and symmetry of the contributing phase while peak intensities reflect the total scattering from each plane in the phase’s crystal structure, and are directly dependent on the distribution of particular atoms in the structure. Rietveld quantitative analysis is a powerful method for determining the quantities of crystalline and amorphous components in multiphase mixtures.
Rigaku recommends the following products
OXIDE-FB-PAK
Pre-calibrated package to quantitatively analyze a wide range of oxides in minerals and geological samples
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Pre-calibrated package for quantitatively analyzing tracing elements and major oxides in minerals and geological samples
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Pre-calibrated package for multi-element analysis of lubricants using liquid analysis
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Advanced, state-of-the-art, high-resolution XRD system powered by Guidance expert system software
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Highly versatile multipurpose X-ray diffractometer with built-in intelligent guidance
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Sixth-generation general purpose benchtop XRD system for phase ID and phase quantification
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Compact X-ray diffractometer for quality control of materials that is easy to use and is ideal for routine work
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Microarea XRD for daily use in research, development, and quality control
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Wide-angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) system revealing the structures of polymer materials
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High-power, tube-above, sequential WDXRF spectrometer with ZSX Guidance expert system software
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Affordable, high-end, tube-above Industrial WDXRF for the analysis of solid samples
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High-power, tube-below, sequential WDXRF spectrometer with new ZSX Guidance expert system software
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Benchtop tube below sequential WDXRF spectrometer analyzes O through U in solids, liquids and powders
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High-throughput, tube-above, multi-channel simultaneous WDXRF spectrometer analyzes Be through U
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X-ray emission spectrometer that enables quantitative analysis of the chemical states of elements
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High-performance indirect excitation EDXRF for complex applications with trace elements and variable base matrices
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High-power 60 kV EDXRF systems delivering speed, precision, and small spot measurements
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Open Python orchestration interface for seamless integration and safe testing
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The following application notes are relevant to this technique
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WDXRF1117 - Lead Analysis in Gasoline — ASTM D5059-21 — using WDXRF ZSX Primus IV𝒾
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WDXRF1116 - Lead Analysis in Gasoline — ASTM D5059-21 — using Benchtop WDXRF Supermini200
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WDXRF1115 - Cement Analysis by the Fusion Method on Benchtop WDXRF Supermini200 According to ASTM C114-18
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WDXRF1114 - Cement Analysis by the Pressed Powder Method on Benchtop WDXRF Supermini200 According to ASTM C114-18
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WDXRF1113 - Cement Analysis by the Pressed Powder Method on the ZSX Primus III+ According to ASTM C114-18
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WDXRF1111 - FeO Analysis in Iron Ore Sinters Using the XRD Channel on multi-channel XRF Spectrometer Simultix 15
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WDXRF1079 - Lubricating Oil Analysis by Benchtop WDXRF according to ASTM D6443-14
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WDXRF1067 - Fast and Accurate Determination of the Composition of Natural and Processed Iron Ores by the Fusion Method on Simultix 15
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WDXRF1042 - Quantitative Analysis of Low Alloy Steel using the Supermini200
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WDXRF1041 - Copper Concentrate by Pressed Powder Method
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WDXRF1040 - Cement Raw Meal by the Pressed Powder Method
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EDXRF1537 - NEX DE—Gold Processing
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EDXRF1299 - NEX QC+—Gold Processing
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BATT1008 - Impurity Analysis for Silicon Metal Anode Material
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BATT1007 - Impurity Analysis for Graphite Anodes
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BATT1006 - Impurity Analysis for NCM Cathode Material
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BATT1005 - Main Component Analysis for NCM Cathode Material
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BATT1004 - Composition Analysis for Nickel Laterite
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BATT1001 - Qualitative Analysis of Impurities (Sulfate) in Mixed Nickel-Cobalt Sulfide
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B-XRI1023 - Analysis of potato thickness and oil particle size in potato chips by micro X-ray CT
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B-XRI1017 - Analysis of volume fraction and thickness of bran layer using a high-resolution 3D X-ray microscope
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B-XRI1007 - Visualization of Components in Ceramic Composites using a High-resolution 3D X-ray Microscope
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B-XRD1172 - Phase Identification and Quantitative Analysis of Rare Earth Ore by X-ray Diffraction
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B-XRD1168 - Phase identification and Quantitative Analysis of Nickel Ore by X-ray Diffraction
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B-XRD1166 - Phase Identification and Quantitative Analysis of Copper Ore by X-ray Diffraction
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B-XRD1165 - Phase Identification and Quantitative Analysis of Iron Ore by X-ray Diffraction
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B-XRD1149 - Evaluation of Barium Titanate Polymorphs by Rietveld Analysis
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B-XRD1148 - Composition ratio classification of ternary cathode material by cluster analysis
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B-XRD1147 - High-precision Quantitative Analysis of Clinker Mineral Polymorphs by Rietveld Refinement
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B-XRD1146 - Quantification of Blast Furnace Slag by Rietveld Refinement using Reference Intensity Ratio
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B-XRD1142 - Quantitative Analysis of Crystal Polymorphs by the DD Method
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B-XRD1140 - Accurate and Highly Precise Quantitative Analysis of Cement Samples using Rietveld Refinement
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B-XRD1132 - Quantitative Analysis of Glass with the DD Method
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B-XRD1125 - Quantification of the Taste of Salt by DD (Direct Derivation) Method
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B-XRD1121 - Phase Identification of Mixed Powder by Real-time Analysis
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B-XRD1120 - Quantitative Analysis of Pharmaceutical Polymorphic Forms via the DD Method
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B-XRD1117 - Observation of a Phase Transition at High Temperature under Various Atmospheres
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B-XRD1115 - Quantitative Analysis of γ-Al₂O₃ by the DD Method
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B-XRD1114 - LOQ of Trace Impurities in API by the DD Method
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B-XRD1111 - Quantitative Analysis of 3-component Sample by DD method
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B-XRD1093 - Quantitative Analysis of Amorphous Components in Cement
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B-XRD1081 - Quantitative Analysis of Polymorphic Impurities in a Drug Substance by the Calibration Method
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B-XRD1076 - Rietveld Quantitative Analysis of Trace Components in Cement
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B-XRD1023 - Measurement of Pseudo-polymorph Impurities in Tablets
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B-XRD1002 - Quantification of a 4-component Sample using RIR method
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B-XRD1001 - Quantitative Analysis of a 4-component Sample
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