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Quantitative Analysis

Abundance of a sample's constituent parts

Analytical chemistry can be split into two main types: qualitative and quantitative. In qualitative analysis, the object is to establish the presence of a given element, compound, or phase in a sample. Similarly, qualitative organic or biochemical analysis seeks to establish the presence of a given functional group, organic compound, or ligand in a sample. In contrast, quantitative analysis seeks to establish the amount of a given element, compound, or some other component in a sample.

In X-ray fluorescence (XRF), an electron can be ejected from its atomic orbital by the absorption of X-rays (photons) from an X-ray tube. When an inner orbital electron is ejected, a higher energy electron transfers to fill the vacancy. During this transition, a characteristic photon may be emitted that is of a unique energy for each type of atom. The number of characteristic photons per unit time (counts per second or cps) is proportional to the amount of that element in a sample. Thus, qualitative and quantitative elemental analysis is achieved by determining the energy of X-ray peaks in a sample spectrum and measuring their associated count rates.

X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern includes information about peak positions and intensity. The peak positions are indicative of the crystal structure and symmetry of the contributing phase while peak intensities reflect the total scattering from each plane in the phase’s crystal structure, and are directly dependent on the distribution of particular atoms in the structure. Rietveld quantitative analysis is a powerful method for determining the quantities of crystalline and amorphous components in multiphase mixtures.

Products | Application notes

Quantitative Analysis

Rigaku recommends the following products

OXIDE-FB-PAK

Pre-calibrated package to quantitatively analyze a wide range of oxides in minerals and geological samples

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GEO-TRACE-PAK

Pre-calibrated package for quantitatively analyzing tracing elements and major oxides in minerals and geological samples

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OIL-MULTI-PAK

Pre-calibrated package for multi-element analysis of lubricants using liquid analysis

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SmartLab

Advanced, state-of-the-art, high-resolution XRD system powered by Guidance expert system software

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SmartLab SE

Highly versatile multipurpose X-ray diffractometer with built-in intelligent guidance

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MiniFlex

Sixth-generation general purpose benchtop XRD system for phase ID and phase quantification

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MiniFlex XpC

Compact X-ray diffractometer for quality control of materials that is easy to use and is ideal for routine work

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DicifferX Microarea Edition

Microarea XRD for daily use in research, development, and quality control

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DicifferX WAXS Edition

Wide-angle X-ray Scattering (WAXS) system revealing the structures of polymer materials

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SmartLab Studio II

Windows-based software suite for Rigaku's X-ray diffractometers

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Reactor X

Allows measurements to be performed under high temperature.

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ZSX Primus IV

High-power, tube-above, sequential WDXRF spectrometer with ZSX Guidance expert system software

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ZSX Primus III NEXT

Affordable, high-end, tube-above Industrial WDXRF for the analysis of solid samples

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ZSX Primus IV𝒾

High-power, tube-below, sequential WDXRF spectrometer with new ZSX Guidance expert system software

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Supermini200

Benchtop tube below sequential WDXRF spectrometer analyzes O through U in solids, liquids and powders

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Simultix 15

High-throughput, tube-above, multi-channel simultaneous WDXRF spectrometer analyzes Be through U

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ZSX Primus400

WDXRF spectrometer designed to handle very large and/or heavy samples

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Micro-Z ULS

WDXRF ultralow sulfur analyzer for method ASTM D2622

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XES Chimica

X-ray emission spectrometer that enables quantitative analysis of the chemical states of elements

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NEX CG II Series

High-performance indirect excitation EDXRF for complex applications with trace elements and variable base matrices

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NEX DE Series

High-power 60 kV EDXRF systems delivering speed, precision, and small spot measurements

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NEX QC II Series

Compact, intuitive benchtop EDXRF for everyday elemental testing

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Rigaku Automation Interface

Open Python orchestration interface for seamless integration and safe testing

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LabLinc Studio

Close Your AI discovery loop with LabLinc Studio

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Application notes

The following application notes are relevant to this technique

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