How Is Spectroscopy Used?
For elemental and chemical analysis
Spectroscopy is the study of the interaction between matter and electromagnetic radiation. Historically, spectroscopy originated through the study of visible light dispersed according to its wavelength, by a prism or grating. Later the concept was expanded greatly to include any interaction with radiative energy as a function of its wavelength or frequency. Spectroscopic data are often represented by an emission, absorption or Raman spectrum, a plot of the response of interest as a function of wavelength or frequency.
X-ray fluorescence (XRF)
XRF is the emission of characteristic "secondary" (or fluorescent) X-rays from a material that has been excited by bombarding with high-energy X-rays rays. The phenomenon is widely used for elemental analysis and chemical analysis, particularly in the investigation of metals, glass, ceramics, and building materials, and for research in geochemistry, forensic science, archaeology and art objects. Rigaku offer a wide range of EDXRF and WDXRF spectrometers.
Raman
Raman spectroscopy relies on inelastic scattering, or Raman scattering, of monochromatic light, usually from a laser in the visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet range. The laser light interacts with molecular vibrations, phonons or other excitations in the system, resulting in the energy of the laser photons being shifted up or down. The shift in energy gives information about the vibrational modes in the system. Infrared spectroscopy yields similar, but complementary, information. Rigaku offers a range of handheld Raman spectrometers.
Rigaku recommends the following products
OXIDE-FB-PAK
Pre-calibrated package to quantitatively analyze a wide range of oxides in minerals and geological samples
Learn moreGEO-TRACE-PAK
Pre-calibrated package for quantitatively analyzing tracing elements and major oxides in minerals and geological samples
Learn moreOIL-MULTI-PAK
Pre-calibrated package for multi-element analysis of lubricants using liquid analysis
Learn moreZSX Primus IV
High-power, tube-above, sequential WDXRF spectrometer with ZSX Guidance expert system software
Learn moreZSX Primus III NEXT
Affordable, high-end, tube-above Industrial WDXRF for the analysis of solid samples
Learn moreZSX Primus IV𝒾
High-power, tube-below, sequential WDXRF spectrometer with new ZSX Guidance expert system software
Learn moreSupermini200
Benchtop tube below sequential WDXRF spectrometer analyzes O through U in solids, liquids and powders
Learn moreSimultix 15
High-throughput, tube-above, multi-channel simultaneous WDXRF spectrometer analyzes Be through U
Learn moreXES Chimica
X-ray emission spectrometer that enables quantitative analysis of the chemical states of elements
Learn moreNEX CG II Series
High-performance indirect excitation EDXRF for complex applications with trace elements and variable base matrices
Learn moreNEX DE Series
High-power 60 kV EDXRF systems delivering speed, precision, and small spot measurements
Learn moreCQL Narc-ID
Provides presumptive identification of narcotics, precursor chemicals, and cutting agents
Learn moreCQL Gen-ID
A cost-effective solution for departments looking for targeted chemical threat analysis
Learn moreCQL Max-ID
Offers features and benefits that maximize chemical threat analysis in safety and security applications
Learn moreProgeny
Handheld Raman for raw material identification and finished product authentication using 1064 nm Raman analysis.
Learn moreRigaku Automation Interface
Open Python orchestration interface for seamless integration and safe testing
Learn moreApplication notes
The following application notes are relevant to this technique
-
XRF1131 - Standardless FP Analysis of Lithium-ion Battery Cathode Material LiFePO₄ by ZSX Primus IV
-
WDXRF1126 - Accurate Quantitative Analysis of Ferrosilicon by the Fusion Method using ZSX Primus III NEXT
-
WDXRF1124 - Quantitative Analysis of Blast Furnace Slag by Fusion Method on the ZSX Primus III NEXT
-
WDXRF1123 - Quantitative Analysis of Stainless Steel using the ZSX Primus III NEXT
-
WDXRF1122 - Silicate Rock Analysis by Fusion Bead Method on ZSX Primus III NEXT
-
WDXRF1121 - Quantitative Analysis of Cast Iron using ZSX Primus III NEXT
-
WDXRF1120 - Quantitative Analysis of Low Alloy Steel using the ZSX Primus III NEXT
-
WDXRF1119 - Cement Raw Meal Analysis by Pressed Powder Method on the ZSX Primus III NEXT
-
WDXRF1118 - Quality and Process Control Analysis of Natural and Processed Iron Ores by the Pressed Powder Method
-
WDXRF1117 - Lead Analysis in Gasoline — ASTM D5059-21 — using WDXRF ZSX Primus IV𝒾
-
WDXRF1116 - Lead Analysis in Gasoline — ASTM D5059-21 — using Benchtop WDXRF Supermini200
-
WDXRF1115 - Cement Analysis by the Fusion Method on Benchtop WDXRF Supermini200 According to ASTM C114-18
-
WDXRF1114 - Cement Analysis by the Pressed Powder Method on Benchtop WDXRF Supermini200 According to ASTM C114-18
-
WDXRF1113 - Cement Analysis by the Pressed Powder Method on the ZSX Primus III+ According to ASTM C114-18
-
WDXRF1111 - FeO Analysis in Iron Ore Sinters Using the XRD Channel on multi-channel XRF Spectrometer Simultix 15
-
WDXRF1110 - Cement Analysis by the Fusion Method According to ASTM C114-18
-
WDXRF1109 - Automatic Quant Application Setup Applied to Calibrating Coal Fly Ash Fused Beads
-
WDXRF1108 - Sulfur Analysis in Crude Oil and High-sulfur Fuels by WDXRF according to ASTM D2622-16
-
WDXRF1107 - Analysis of Low-concentration Sulfur in Petroleum-based Fuels by WDXRF According to ASTM D2622-16
-
WDXRF1106 - Sulfur Analysis in Petroleum Products by WDXRF according to ASTM D2622-16
-
WDXRF1105 - Lubricating Oil Analysis by WDXRF According to ASTM D6443-14
-
WDXRF1104 - Analysis of S, Fe, Ni and V in Residual Oil According to IP610/13
-
WDXRF1102 - Standardless FP Analysis of Plant, Animal and Food Samples Applying Correction by Scattering Line
-
WDXRF1101 - Fused Bead Analysis for Refractories using Application Package Refractory Series
-
WDXRF1100 - Fused Bead Analysis for Wide Concentration Ranges of Various Oxide Materials using OXIDE-FB-PAK
-
WDXRF1099 - Trace Element Analysis in Geological Samples by the Pressed Powder Method, using GEO-TRACE-PAK
-
WDXRF1098 - Fe, Ni and Co Alloy Analysis by the Fundamental Parameter Method using the Simultix 15
-
WDXRF1096 - Fe, Ni and Co Based Alloy Analysis by Fundamental Parameter Method using ZSX Primus III+
-
WDXRF1095 - Multiple Element Determination of Nickel Sulfide Ores by the Pressed Powder Method on Simultix 15
-
WDXRF1094 - Quality and Process Control of Natural and Processed Iron Ores by the Pressed Powder Method on Simultix 15
-
WDXRF1092 - Fixed Angle Measurement using the Semi-Quantitative Analysis Function SQX of ZSX Guidance Software
-
WDXRF1091 - Beryllium Analysis in Beryllium Copper Alloy using ZSX Primus IV with RX85
-
WDXRF1090 - Semi-quantitative Analysis of Recycled Solid Fuel with Benchtop WDXRF Supermini200
-
WDXRF1089 - Analysis of Hazardous Heavy Elements in Soil and Sediment using ZSX Primus IV
-
WDXRF1088 - Boron Analysis in Glass Powder
-
WDXRF1086 - Boron and Fluorine Quantitative Analysis for Water Solution by Micro-droplet Method using Ultra Carry Filter Paper
-
WDXRF1085 - Trace Element Analysis for Water Solution by Micro-droplet Method using Ultra Carry Filter Paper
-
WDXRF1084 - Mapping and Small Spot Analysis with a General-Purpose XRF Spectrometer
-
WDXRF1083 - Analysis of Ultralow Sulfur in Automotive Fuels According to ASTM D2622-16 by Micro-Z ULS
-
WDXRF1082 - Sulfur Analysis in Crude Oil and high-sulfur Fuels by Benchtop WDXRF according to ASTM D2622-16
-
WDXRF1081 - Analysis of Low-concentration Sulfur in Petroleum-based Fuels by Benchtop WDXRF according to ASTM D2622-16
-
WDXRF1080 - Sulfur Analysis in Petroleum Products by Benchtop WDXRF According to ASTM D2622-16
-
WDXRF1079 - Lubricating Oil Analysis by Benchtop WDXRF according to ASTM D6443-14
-
WDXRF1077 - Sulfur Analysis in Crude Oil and High-sulfur Fuels by WDXRF according to ASTM D2622-16
-
WDXRF1076 - Analysis of Low-concentration Sulfur in Petroleum-based Fuels per ASTM D2622-16
-
WDXRF1071 - Semi-quantitative FP Analysis of Geological Samples
-
WDXRF1070 - Chlorine Analysis of Aluminosilicate for Fluid Catalytic Cracking Catalyst by WDXRF
-
WDXRF1068 - Silicate Rock Analysis by Fusion Method
-
WDXRF1067 - Fast and Accurate Determination of the Composition of Natural and Processed Iron Ores by the Fusion Method on Simultix 15
-
WDXRF1066 - Determination of Chemical Composition of Nickel Laterite Ore by Fusion Method
-
WDXRF1063 - Thickness/composition of ITO Thin Film by FP Method
-
WDXRF1062 - Quantitative Analysis of Soda-lime Glass
-
WDXRF1061 - Polymetallic Sulfide Ore Analysis with Supermini200
-
WDXRF1060 - Elemental Determination of Whole Coal by the Pressed Powder Method
-
WDXRF1059 - Semi-quantitative Analysis of Glass Raw Materials
-
WDXRF1058 - Quantitative Analysis of Dolomite and Limestone by Pressed powder Method with Supermini200
-
WDXRF1055 - Quantitative Analysis of Aluminum Alloy on Supermini200
-
WDXRF1054 - Analysis of S, Fe, Ni and V in Residual Oil According to IP610/13
-
WDXRF1052 - Accurate Determination for Elements in Laterite Ores by Pressed Powder Method
-
WDXRF1048 - Fused Bead Analysis for Wide Concentration Ranges of Various Oxide Materials on Benchtop WDXRF
-
WDXRF1047 - Highly Accurate Determination of Total Iron in Natural and Processed Iron Ores using Pressed Powder Method
-
WDXRF1042 - Quantitative Analysis of Low Alloy Steel using the Supermini200
-
WDXRF1041 - Copper Concentrate by Pressed Powder Method
-
WDXRF1040 - Cement Raw Meal by the Pressed Powder Method
-
WDXRF1036 - Semiquant Analysis by the SQX Scatter FP Method
-
WDXRF1027 - Cu Concentrate with Advanced Correction for Fused Beads
-
WDXRF1026 - Accurate Quantitative Analysis of Ferrosilicon by the Fusion Method
-
WDXRF1025 - Quantitative Analysis of Blast Furnace Slag by the Pressed Powder Method
-
WDXRF1024 - Quantitative Analysis of Blast Furnace Slag by Fusion Method
-
WDXRF1023 - Pt, Rh and Pd Analysis of Used Automobile Catalyst by WDXRF
-
WDXRF1021 - Quantitative Analysis of Stainless Steel
-
WDXRF1019 - Silicate Rock Analysis by Fusion Method
-
WDXRF1017 - Quantitative Analysis of Cast Iron
-
WDXRF1009 - Quantitative Analysis of Low Alloy Steel
-
WDXRF1005 - Cement by Pressed Powder Method ASTM C114-11
-
WDXRF1002 - Analysis of Iron Ores by Oressed Powder Method
-
RSMD002 - Thickness Characterization of a Power Device Backside Electrode
-
RAD9150 - Identification of Fentanyl Precursors with Handheld 1064 nm Raman
-
RAD9140 - Household Hazardous Material Identification using Handheld 1064 nm Raman
-
RAD9130 - Narcotics Identification using Rigaku CQL Narc-ID Handheld Raman
-
RAD9110 - Presumptive Field Testing for Narcotics, Explosives and Chemical Warfare Agents with Handheld 1064 nm Raman
-
RAD9100 - Novel Psychoactive Substances (NPS) Identification using Rigaku Raman
-
RAD9060 - Presumptive Identification of Xylazine - an Emerging Threat in Street Drugs
-
RAD9040 - Combatting the Fentanyl Epidemic using Handheld 1064 nm Raman
-
RAD9030 - Advanced 1064 nm Raman used to Counter Threats in Transportation Screening
-
RAD9010 - Chemical Warfare Agent (CWA) Identification using Rigaku Handheld Raman Spectroscopy
-
RAD9000 - Homemade Explosives Analysis
-
RAD2093822 - Cell Culture Media Identification in Biopharmaceuticals
-
RAD008 - Aseptic Identification of Polysorbates
-
RAD007 - Herbal Materials andNatural Foods Analysis with Handheld Raman
-
RAD006 - Pharmaceutical Excipients Identification with Handheld Raman
-
RAD005 - Drug Product Identification
-
RAD004 - Analysis of Dietary Supplements, Nutraceuticals, and their Raw Materials
-
RAD003 - On-site Detection of Counterfeit Medicines and Healthcare Products with Handheld Raman
-
RAD002 - Regulation of Raw Material Identification in Cosmetics
-
EDXRF3279 - NEX QC II - Sulfur in Oil by ASTM D4294
-
EDXRF3272 - NEX QC II+ - Analysis of Lube Oils by ASTM D7751
-
EDXRF3269 - NEX QC II - Silicone Coat Weight on Paper and Plastic
-
EDXRF3268 - NEX QC II—CCA Wood Treatment
-
EDXRF3267 - NEX QC II—Copper in Wood Treatment
-
EDXRF3236 - NEX QC II+ - Metals in Crude and Residual Oil per ASTM D8252
-
EDXRF3226 - NEX CG II - Analysis of Nutrients in Silage
-
EDXRF3214 - NEX CG II - Elemental Analysis of Glass and Raw Materials
-
EDXRF3209 - NEX CG II - Analysis of Coal
-
EDXRF3198 - NEX CG II - Animal Feed Analysis
-
EDXRF3197 - NEX QC+ QuantEZ - Additives in Polymers
-
EDXRF3186 - NEX DE - Nutrient Premixes for Milled Grain Enrichment
-
EDXRF3150 - NEX QC+ QuantEZ—Analysis of Black Mass for Lithium Battery Recycling
-
EDXRF3144 - NEX CG II - Analysis of Lube Oils by ASTM D7751
-
EDXRF3142 - NEX CG II - Analysis of Coal Fly Ash
-
EDXRF3137 - NEX CG II - Ultra Carry Detection Limits
-
EDXRF3134 - NEX CG II - Analysis of Rare Earth Elements in Clay
-
EDXRF3133 - NEX CG II - Analysis of Air Filters - U.S. EPA Sensitivity
-
EDXRF3122 - NEX CG II - Ultra Carry Detection Limits
-
EDXRF3074 - NEX DE—Air Filter Detection Limits
-
EDXRF3064 - NEX CG II - Analysis of Air Filters - U.S. EPA Sensitivity
-
EDXRF3051 - NEX CG II - Analysis of Cement and ASTM C114 Qualification
-
EDXRF3001 - NEX CG II - Pb in Gasoline by ASTM D5059 Methods C and A
-
EDXRF3000 - NEX CG II - EPA Tier 3 Gasoline
-
EDXRF2099 - Manganese in Gasoline by ASTM D5059 Method D
-
EDXRF2096 - Organic Chlorides in Crude by ASTM D4929 Procedure C
-
EDXRF2095 - Analysis of ULSD
-
EDXRF2039 - NEX QC+—Cl and S in Waste Oil and Used Oil
-
EDXRF2000 - NEX DE VS—Industrial Forensics
-
EDXRF1994 - Material Identification
-
EDXRF1990 - NEX QC—Plating Baths
-
EDXRF1984 - NEX QC+ QuantEZ—Cl, Pb and Metals in Refuse Derived Fuel
-
EDXRF1978 - NEX DE Series—Analysis of Alloy Powders for Metal 3D Printing
-
EDXRF1970 - Metals in Crude and Resid as per ASTM D8252
-
EDXRF1943 - NEX QC+ QuantEZ—Pt, Pd, Rh in Recycled Automotive Catalysts
-
EDXRF1933 - NEX DE Series—Catalysts Residue and Heavy Metal Screening in Pharma Formulation Process Chemistry
-
EDXRF1924 - NEX QC—Marine Fuel Analyzer
-
EDXRF1923 - NEX DE—Organic Chlorides in Crude by ASTM D4929 Procedure C
-
EDXRF1915 - NEX DE—Nuclear Power Station Cooling Water Filters
-
EDXRF1904 - NEX QC+—Chromium on HDG Steel
-
EDXRF1893 - NEX QC+—Analysis of Lead in Gasoline by ASTM D5059 Bi IS Method
-
EDXRF1884 - Alloy Powders for 3D Printing
-
EDXRF1877 - NEX QC+—TiO₂ and ZnO in Lotions
-
EDXRF1858 - NEX QC+ QuantEZ—P₂O₅ and K₂O in Fertilizers
-
EDXRF1856 - NEX DE—Additive Elements in Lubricating Oils ASTM D7751
-
EDXRF1853 - Analysis of Fiberglass
-
EDXRF1846 - NEX DE—Analysis of Carbon Black
-
EDXRF1844 - NEX DE VS—RoHS Metals-Pak Rapid Screening by XRF
-
EDXRF1834 - NEX QC+—Titanium on Steel
-
EDXRF1812 - NEX QC+—Phosphorus on Steel
-
EDXRF1807 - NEX DE VS—RoHS Lead-Free Solder-Pak Rapid Screening by XRF
-
EDXRF1803 - NEX DE VS—RoHS PE-Pak Rapid Screening by XRF
-
EDXRF1769 - NEX QC+ QuantEZ—Mud Logging
-
EDXRF1760 - NEX QC+—Manganese in Gasoline
-
EDXRF1759 - NEX QC—Manganese in Gasoline
-
EDXRF1748 - NEX DE—Finished Portland Cement
-
EDXRF1720 - NEX DE VS—Electroless Nickel Plating
-
EDXRF1693 - NEX DE Series—Ni:Fe Metallurgy
-
EDXRF1658 - NEX DE—Analysis of ULSD
-
EDXRF1654 - NEX QC+ QuantEZ—Academia and Teaching
-
EDXRF1631 - NEX QC+—Zirconium on Aluminum
-
EDXRF1630 - NEX QC—Zirconium on Aluminum
-
EDXRF1626 - NEX QC+—Dolomite
-
EDXRF1620 - NEX QC—Titanium on Aluminum
-
EDXRF1619 - NEX QC+—Titanium on Aluminum
-
EDXRF1614 - NEX QC+—High Calcium Limestone
-
EDXRF1606 - NEX QC+—Chromium on Aluminum
-
EDXRF1605 - NEX QC—Chromium on Aluminum
-
EDXRF1602 - NEX DE VS—RoHS PE by Empirical Method
-
EDXRF1595 - NEX QC+ QuantEZ—Metals & Alloys
-
EDXRF1592 - NEX QC+—Complex Lube Oils
-
EDXRF1587 - NEX QC+—MgO & P₂O₅ in Phosphate Rock
-
EDXRF1576 - NEX DE—Gold Recovery
-
EDXRF1575 - NEX DE—Analysis of Silver and Copper in Ore
-
EDXRF1559 - NEX QC+—Low Silicone Coating on Plastic
-
EDXRF1552 - NEX QC+—Nutrients in Grass Silage
-
EDXRF1550 - NEX DE VS—Lead-free Solder
-
EDXRF1549 - NEX DE—Analysis of Metals in Aerosols on Air Filters
-
EDXRF1537 - NEX DE—Gold Processing
-
EDXRF1527 - NEX QC+—Phosphorus in Coal
-
EDXRF1521 - NEX DE—Analysis of S, Ca, V, Fe, Ni in Crude Oil
-
EDXRF1507 - NEX QC+—Activated Carbon
-
EDXRF1495 - Analysis of Lead (Pb) / Zinc (Zn) Ore
-
EDXRF1491 - NEX QC+—Iron in Milk Powder
-
EDXRF1480 - NEX QC+—Analysis of Iron Concentrates
-
EDXRF1457 - NEX QC—Copper in Ore
-
EDXRF1442 - NEX QC+—Analysis of Lead in Gasoline
-
EDXRF1438 - NEX QC—Analysis of Lead in Gasoline
-
EDXRF1425 - NEX QC—Analysis of Iron in Straw
-
EDXRF1422 - NEX QC+—Silicone Coating on Paper and Plastic
-
EDXRF1420 - NEX QC+—Chlorine and Ash in Biomass
-
EDXRF1419 - NEX QC+—Sulfur, Chlorine, and Ash in Coal
-
EDXRF1385 - Agricultural Soils and Plant Materials
-
EDXRF1378 - NEX QC - Predicting % Ash Content in Coal
-
EDXRF1366 - NEX QC+—Analysis of Metals in Nickel Ore
-
EDXRF1352 - NEX QC+—Analysis of Clay
-
EDXRF1343 - NEX QC+—Electric Arc Furnace Slag
-
EDXRF1331 - NEX QC+—Sulfur and Chlorine in Crude
-
EDXRF1323 - NEX QC+—Analysis of S, V, Ni in Crude Oil
-
EDXRF1312 - NEX QC+—Analysis of Lube Oils
-
EDXRF1299 - NEX QC+—Gold Processing
-
EDXRF1293 - NEX QC—Analysis of S, Ni, V, Fe in Residual Oil
-
EDXRF1286 - NEX QC - Iron in Ore
-
EDXRF1273 - NEX QC+—Major Oxides in Finished Cement
-
EDXRF1272 - NEX QC+—Analysis of ULSD and Gasoline
-
EDXRF1255 - NEX QC—Sulfur in Gypsum
-
EDXRF1250 - NEX QC—Chlorine and Sulfur in Cement
-
EDXRF1249 - NEX QC—Analysis of Lube Oils per ASTM D6481
-
EDXRF1248 - NEX QC—IPBC Wood Treatment
-
EDXRF1241 - Analysis of Gemstones
-
EDXRF1231 - NEX QC—Sulfur in Coal
-
EDXRF1230 - NEX QC—Sulfur in Bunker Fuel
-
EDXRF1225 - NEX QC—ACZA Wood Treatment
-
EDXRF1203 - NEX QC—Penta Wood Treatment
-
EDXRF1187 - NEX QC—Ti & Fe in Kaolin Clay
-
EDXRF1177 - NEX QC—Iron Oxide in Silica Sand
-
EDXRF1175 - NEX QC—CCA Wood Treatment
-
EDXRF1149 - NEX QC—Sulfur in Crude
-
EDXRF1141 - NEX QC—CuO Wood Treatment
-
EDXRF1140 - NEX QC—Silicone Coating on Paper and Plastic
-
EDXRF1135 - NEX QC—Analysis of Sulfur in Diesel Fuel per ASTM D4294
-
EDXRF1108 - Analysis of Limestone
-
EDXRF1061 - Analysis of Heavy Metals in Aerosols on Air Filters
-
EDXRF1054 - SiO₂, AlSi, Ti, TiN, Pt, AlCu, and BPSG on Silicon
-
EDXRF1033 - Chlorine and RoHS Elements in Polyethylene
-
EDXRF1023 - Analysis of PVC Resins
-
BATT1021 - Composition Analysis for Argyrodite-Based Sulfide Solid Electrolyte Material
-
BATT1008 - Impurity Analysis for Silicon Metal Anode Material
-
BATT1007 - Impurity Analysis for Graphite Anodes
-
BATT1006 - Impurity Analysis for NCM Cathode Material
-
BATT1005 - Main Component Analysis for NCM Cathode Material
-
BATT1004 - Composition Analysis for Nickel Laterite
-
BATT0004 - Chemical Composition Analysis of NMC Cathode
-
BATT0001 - Battery Material Development
-
2093805 - Polymorph Monitoring with the Rigaku Progeny 1064 nm Handheld Raman Analyzer
-
20103570 - Analysis of Hand Sanitizer Products using Handheld 1064 nm Raman
Contact Us
Whether you're interested in getting a quote, want a demo, need technical support, or simply have a question, we're here to help.