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Microscopio de rayos X

Microtomografía de muestras de gran tamaño en alta resolución

nano3DX

Rigaku nano3DX, es un microscopio de rayos X verdadero (XRM) con la capacidad de entregar imágenes de tomografía computarizada en 3D de muestras relativamente grandes en alta resolución. Esto se logra mediante el uso de una fuente de rayos X de ánodo rotativo de alta potencia y una cámara CCD de alta resolución. El ánodo rotativo ofrece una rápida adquisición de datos y la capacidad de cambiar fácilmente materiales de ánodo, para optimizar el contraste para tipos de muestras específicas

¿Qué es la microscopía de rayos X?

Tomografía es el estudio de la estructura tridimensional de un objeto dividiéndolo en secciones delgadas. La microtomografía implica que las secciones sean lo suficientemente delgadas para ser observadas por un microscopio óptico. La tomografía clásica es un proceso tedioso que consume mucho tiempo, y que también puede resultar en perturbaciones significativas en la muestra. En la tomografía de rayos X, se obtienen imágenes de la muestra entera en múltiples ángulos de rotación. Esta gran cantidad de imágenes es procesada por algoritmos informáticos sofisticados para proporcionar una reconstrucción tridimensional que puede ser seccionada en cualquiera dirección, proporcionando nuevos conocimientos sobre las características internas del objeto. La microscopía de rayos X proporciona esta visualización con una mejor resolución que un micrómetro (μm).

Microscopio de rayos X de alta resolución y alto contraste.

El nano3DX le permite observar dentro de muchos tipos de muestras, incluyendo las que tienen contraste de baja absorción; por ejemplo, CFRP, o materiales más densos, como compuestos de cerámica. El nano3DX le permite lograr esto proporcionando la capacidad de cambiar la longitud de onda de rayos X para mejorar el contraste o la penetración.

Features

  • Campo de visión ultra amplio de volumen 25X mayor que los sistemas comparables
  • Tres longitudes de onda de rayos X (Cr, Cu y Mo Ka) para optimizar la proyección de imagen para diferentes matrices de muestras
  • Geometría de haz paralelo para un alto contraste y rápida recolección de datos
  • Fase automática de 5 ejes (XYZ y rotación) y sistema de reproducción de imágenes en eje.
  • Imágenes tridimensionales (3D) de alta resolución
  • Fuente de rayos X de alta potencia de ánodo
  • Alto contraste para materiales de bajo Z
  • Reproductor de imágenes CCD de alta resolución
azom
  • X-ray generator: MicroMax-007 HF
  • Tube voltage: 20 to 50 kV
  • Tube current: up to 30 mA
  • Target: Cr, Cu and Mo
  • Detector: X-ray CCD camera
  • Number of pixels: 3300 × 2500
  • Pixel size: 0.27 to 4 μm
  • Field of view: 0.9 × 0.7 mm to 14 × 10 mm
  • Dynamic range: 16 bit
  • Sample stage: automatic 5-axis stage
  • Stage rotation axis accuracy: <0.5 μm
 nano3DX dimensions
In the nano3DX, the magnification takes place in the detector using true microscope elements. This design places the sample close to a high-resolution detector, allowing for a near-parallel beam experiment. This means greater instrument stability and shorter data collection times providing the highest resolution of any X-ray microscope in its class.

The nano3DX design is a vast improvement over older implementations that use a small source and a long sample-to-detector distance. This geometric magnification requires a very small source and extreme stability to prevent smearing. Data acquisition times can be quite long because small sources are also low power.

The graph at the right shows the three primary anode materials available for use in the nano3DX: chromium, copper and molybdenum, and the effects they have on the experiment. As the energy of the X-ray radiation rises penetration increases but contrast for low atomic weight materials goes down. For bone and silicates, Mo is preferred but for carbon-containing materials, Cu or Cr is preferred. This flexibility is essential to obtaining high-quality, high-contrast images quickly.		 XRM Theory

Mouse fibula at high resolution
The nano3DX is ideally suited to the analysis of bone samples at submicron resolution. One of the important features of the nano3DX is the ability to look at large samples at high resolution. In the example below, an entire mouse fibula was analyzed with the nano3DX, the first time a whole bone analysis has been performed.

mouse fibula
Parallel beam geometry and the ability of the nano3DX to obtain rapid high-contrast images allowed for the collection of the full tomogram of the bone from the proximal to distal ends. With each slice, the structures in the bone are clearly visible, including the softer cartilage at the proximal end. The scale bars are 50 μm long in each of the insets and the bone itself is approximately 12 mm long. The bone marrow, microvessels and osteocyte lacunae are clearly depicted.

Pharmaceuticals
Below is shown the analysis of a single pharmaceutical particle from a capsule. The first image is a single slice through the reconstruction. The second image is an interior tomogram of the particle at 0.54 μm/voxel. The last image displays a rendering of an analysis of the pores in the sample, color coded by size (red largest, green smallest).

pharma capsule

Ultra wide field of view

At right is shown an example of a carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). The fibers are 7 μm in diameter. The image is 1.8 mm x 1.8 mm by 1.4 mm with a voxel size of 0.54 μm. The volume is represented by 3300 x 3300 x 2500 voxels. This volume is 25X larger than the measurable volume from a single scan from other systems at this resolution in a comparable time frame.

 cfrp

High resolution

The two dimensional (2D) resolving power is shown directly in the images above with a transmission image of a test pattern at 0.27 μm per pixel in which lines at 0.6 μm are resolved.

Request more information on the Rigaku nano3DX.

 test pattern
If you are unable to view this video, click here to download it (35 MB).

Pharmaceutical tablet sample

Orally-disintegrating tablet sample

Orally-disintegrating tablet sample

Orally-disintegrating tablet sample

Coating sample

Paper sample

Paper sample

Paper sample

Paper sample

Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer sample

CFRP slices example

Carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer sample

3D rendering of ant tibia

Transmission images of ant tibia

3D rendering of ant tibia

Foam sample

Mold sample

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