Thermal analysis application notes
| Application number | Title | Body |
|---|---|---|
| B-TA1019 | Thermal analysis of red palm oil by STA | In recent years, simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) equipped with sample observation capability has increasingly becoming popular in the field of material characterization and evaluation using thermal analysis. |
| B-XRD1020 | Observation of dehydration process of hydrate by XRD-DSC simultaneous measurement under temperature and humidity atmospher | The crystal systems of pharmaceuticals and foods may change due to factors such as temperature and humidity. There is a need to conduct measurement beforehand under various atmospheric conditions, and determine what sort of changes these materials undergo in the actual environment. Thus we evaluated thermal changes and changes in the crystal structure of pharmaceuticals by simultaneously measuring X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) while varying humidity. |
| TA-1020 | Characterization of Olive Oil by DSC | Differential scanning calorimetry or DSC is a thermal analysis technique that measures the temperature and energy changes due to endothermic or exothermic reactions that occur as a sample is heated or cooled. It is used in a wide application range of materials such as polymers, pharmaceuticals, biomaterials and foods. In edible oils, the DSC result is significantly influenced by the fatty acids (FA) and triacylglyerols (TAG); and serves a fingerprint profile of a material. In this application, DSC is used in the characterization of fresh extra virgin olive oil (EVOO). |
| TA-1023 | Shape deformation of glass powders | The shape of the glass powder significantly changes due to changes in the viscosity of the material after glass transition temperatures. This change may also be referred to as softening point. |
| TA-1024 | Evaluation of O-ring by low temperature TMA | Fluoroelastomer O-rings are noted for their resistance to high temperature and to a wide variety of chemicals. In this application, we demonstrate the use of low temperature TMA with differential type compression loading attachment to evaluate the mechanical properties of an O-ring measured in the X and Y direction. Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a method in thermal analysis that determines the mechanical property of a material by evaluating the change in length as a function of temperature or time. A differential type compression loading method is especially effective for measuring small-sized sample with high accuracy. |
| TA-1025 | Mechanical property of fibers by TMA | Thermomechanical analysis or TMA is a technique in thermal analysis in which a material’s change in dimension is monitored as function of temperature or time. In TMA, the material’s change in length revealed as expansion or shrinkage can be detected using different modes depending on the sample shape and measurement objective. The differential mode is recommended for materials with minute CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) values where the reference is a material with a known thermal expansion for software correction. On the contrary, non-differential mode (single rod) such as tensile loading attachment is suitable for materials where the CTE is 10,000x larger than the CTE of the detection rod and support pipe which are made of SiO2. The TMA8311 corresponds to both differential and non-differential mode. Here, we report the application of tensile loading mode in TMA for the measurement of fibers of cotton, silk and polyester. |
| TA-1026 | Thermal analysis of PCB by TMA | A printed circuit board or PCB is usually composed of epoxy resin with reinforced woven glass fibers where electrical components and conducting layers are mounted. The PCB board and the components mounted in it should have identical coefficient of thermal expansion or CTE values to prevent thermal stresses and ensures a longer lifetime. The CTE of a material can be evaluated using the thermomechanical analysis or TMA and changes in CTE values are used not only to characterize the glass transition temperature of a material, but also as a very important parameter for assessing product stability. In this application, we compare the expansion behavior and CTE values of a decade old PCB and a new PCB using TMA with differential type compression loading attachment effective for measuring samples with <2mm in thickness. |
| TA-1027 | Water absorption behavior of materials for biomedical application by HUM-TG | Organic compound such as α-Cyclodextrin and phyllosilicate clay minerals such as smectite and halloysite have been utilized as DDS (drug delivery system) and other biomedical applications with their structures shown below. Here, the STA8122 attached with a humidity generator HUM-1 was used to compare the water absorption and dehydration behavior of materials for biomedical application. |
| TA-1028 | Thermal behavior of biodegradable plastic straw by sample observation STA | Recently, due to the increased environmental problems brought by the use of petroleum-based plastics, research and development efforts for the production and use of biodegradable polymers have recently increased. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBH) is one of the common sources of biodegradable polymers which is produced thru fermentation by microorganisms that uses plant oils as raw material. PHBH is a member of the PHA family. Here, we measured the thermal behavior of a biodegradable straw made of PHBH using the sample observation STA. |
| TA-1029 | Thermal behavior of CaSO₄・2H₂O by STA | Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO₄・2H₂O) or gypsum is a natural mineral used in various industrial application. Gypsum is utilized as a retarding agent in cement, construction material for walls and ceilings, surgical splints in medical applications, casting molds and modeling etc. Therefore it is important to understand the thermal behavior of gypsum. Here, we confirm the behavior of calcium sulfate dihydrate using STA (TG-DTA). |
| TA-1030 | Thermal decomposition of starch-based filler by sample observation STA | Starch is the one of the most abundant, renewable and inexpensive biodegradable polymer. Since then, the production of biodegradable starch-based derivatives as an alternative to the conventional petroleum based products have attracted much attention. Starch is combined with plasticizers such as vegetable oil; and fillers such as cellulose material to produce the starch-based filler. In this application, we investigate the thermal behavior of a starch-based filler using STA and illustrate the effectiveness of sample observation function. |
| TA-1031 | CTE evaluation of thin Al sheet by TMA tensile loading method | Thermomechanical analysis (TMA) is a method in thermal analysis that measures the change in length caused by expansion or shrinkage of a material as a function of temperature or time. In TMA, the measurement mode or attachment depends on the sample shape and measurement objective. The tensile loading attachment is suitable for materials such as fiber, sheet and films for the measurement of expansion and shrinkage. Here, the sample is clamped or fixed on both ends and the load is applied in the tensile direction. In this application, we apply the tensile loading method on the measurement of expansion of a thin aluminum sheet. |
| TA-1035 | Dehydration of Trehalose dihydrate by STA | Simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) is a method composed of thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis that simultaneously measures the mass changes associated with endothermic or exothermic reaction. Generally, an open pan is used in STA measurements for volatiles to easily escape during mass losses which usually gives a broad and poorly resolved endothermic peak especially when a continuous dehydration reaction occurs. In this application, we demonstrate the influence of pan shape on the dehydration reaction of α,α-Trehalose dihydrate, a widely known material in food and pharmaceutical industry. |
| TA-1036 | Thermal behavior of paraffin wax by sample observation DSC | Phase change material or PCM is a material that can absorb, store and release large amounts of latent heat within a specific temperature range during phase transition reaction. Several materials have been identified as a latent heat storage medium and are classified as organic PCMs, eutectics, inorganic PCMs and clathrate hydrate. Paraffin is an alkane organic PCM, effective for latent heat storage medium via their melting transition and is recently studied in different applications such as solar thermal storage, air-conditioning buildings, integration with fabrics intended for special environmental conditions and others. In this application, sample observation DSC was performed to evaluate the thermal behavior of paraffin wax. |
| TA-1037 | Thermal behavior of Aspartame by sample observation STA | Simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) is a hyphenated technique composed of thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). TG is a method in thermal analysis that evaluates the mass changes as the material is heated or cooled while the DTA monitors the temperature difference between the sample and the reference which are revealed as endothermic or exothermic reaction. Recently, sample observation in thermal analysis measurement has increasingly becoming significant in STA and DSC measurements, providing a more detailed assumption. Using this function, we can elucidate the thermal behavior and confirm the visual changes in shape and color that occur in a sample during a reaction. Here, we evaluate aspartame with sample observation STA. Aspartame is used in chewable tablets and sugar-free liquids in pharmaceutical industry replacing sugar. |
| TA-2027 | Evolved gas analysis of polyacetal | Polyoxymethylene(POM) also known as polyacetal is an all-purpose engineering plastics with excellent mechanical properties. Due to its durability, it is used as a substitute for metal parts mainly used as gears, bearings, various parts. Other uses include stationery and musical instruments such as woodwind and brass instruments. Evolved gas analysis is used to qualitatively confirm the evolved gases as POM is heated. |
| TA-2028 | Thermal decomposition of nitrile gloves by sample observation STA-MS | Nitrile gloves are widely used as disposable gloves for medical, nursing care, food processing, and others. It is used as an alternative to natural rubber gloves against latex allergies. |
| TA-2039 | Evaluation of biomass plastics by TG-FTIR | Plastics made from plant-derived (biomass), so-called “biomass plastics”, have almost the same composition and physical properties as petroleum-derived plastics, and biomass-derived resins containing a certain percentage of biomass are used as products. It is also generally believed that biomass plastics and petroleum-derived products can be distinguished only by the abundance of C14, which is the isotope of C13. In this study, biomass plastic made of polyethylene used in shopping bags on the market and high-density polyethylene used as a reagent that does not contain biomass were compared and measured by TG-FTIR and evaluated. |
| TA-5001 | Thermal change of indium acetylacetonate |
Indium oxide (In₂O₃) is well known sample as transparent conductive film material. Although the |
| TA-5004 | Thermal decomposition of polyester in water-vapor atmosphere |
In the case of evaluate material, it is preferable to evaluate at the measurement condition |
| TA-5005 | Fusion of polyethylene |
DSC can measure differences of structure or state. For chemical materials such as polyethylene |
| TA-5006 | The difference of aging for material by thermal analysis |
There is a situation that the material of chemical or physical property changes due to leaving |
| TA-5007 | Thermal desorption of aromatic compound in metallic complex |
It is available of efficient simulation using Dynamic TG for debinding process of ceramic chip |
| TA-5008 | The behavior of water absorption and dehydration of organic compound α-Cyclodextrin |
User can study the detail of influenced heating process of raw material by changing water vapor |
| TA-5009 | Thermal decomposition reaction of acetylacetonato zinc monohydrate in humidity atmosphere |
User can study the detail of influenced heating process of raw material by changing water vapor |
| TA-5010 | Simulation of sintering condition for ceramics |
The sintering process of ceramics part is divided into debinding and sintering. In TMA, it is |
| TA-5011 | The glass transition and softening for glass material |
TMA can measure the expansion ratio and softening temperature for material. In glass material |
| TA-5012 | Melting of an extremely small amount of dotriacontane |
Dotriacontane is a liner-chain hydrocarbon. In this work, we measured a small amount to |
| TA-5013 | Softening measurement of coated steel |
We measured the coated steel of shrinkage employing TMA. TMA adopts the Rigaku’s |
| TA-5014 | Expansion of powder material, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) |
We measured the expansion of PMMA powder using TMA. Also, to verify it, we performed a DSC |
| TA-6002 | Evolved gas analysis for volatile organic compounds |
The detection or analysis of the gases evolved during a chemical reaction, as a function of |
| TA-6003 | Evolved gas analysis of PEFC electrolyte membrane in humidity atmosphere |
In thermal analysis, the measurement condition influences the measurement results. Therefore |
| TA-6004 | Analysis of a mixture of gases for simultaneous production of volatile organic compound from sample |
The detection or analysis of the gases evolved during a chemical reaction, as a function of |
| TA-6005 | Comparison of drugs |
We perform comparative analysis for three over-the-counter products. Although even if main |
| TA-6006 | Thermal behavior analysis of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs |
The detection or analysis of the gases evolved during a chemical reaction, as a function of |
| TA-6007 | Rapid discrimination of thermal decomposition analysis for several Nylons |
The detection or analysis of the gases evolved during a chemical reaction, as a function of |
| TA-6008 | Characterizing the thermal degradation of polymer |
The detection or analysis of the gases evolved during a chemical reaction, as a function of |
| TA-6009 | TG-MS analysis for debinding process of ceramics |
The materials requiring the debinding process includes structural electronic ceramics for |
| TA-6011 | Determination of compounding ratio for complex material, Nylon |
The detection or analysis of the gases evolved during a chemical reaction, as a function of |
| TA-6012 | Evaluation amount of water in flour, drug and polymer |
The detection or analysis of the gases evolved during a chemical reaction, as a function of |
| TA-6014 | Evaluation of chocolates |
When making a chocolate product, there are some original manufacturer's know-hows such as in |
| TA-6015 | Thermal Decomposition of Asbestos analyzed by Thermo Mass Photo |
Asbestos is a set of six naturally occurring silicate minerals that have specific features |
| TA-6016 | Thermal Decomposition of Polyvinyl Resins |
Polyvinyl resins, such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyvinyl acetate, and polyvinyl alcohol |
| TA-6017 | Evolved gas and kinetic Analysis of acetylsalicylic acid |
Thermogravimetry-Mass spectrometry (TG-MS) is a crucial analytical system for the investigation |
| TA-6018 | Thermal decomposition of polyolefins |
Polyolefins, such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), have been produced for various |
| TA-6022 | Thermal Decomposition and Combustion of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) |
Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is an aromatic polyketone and commonly used as an engineering |
| XRD1002 | How to Evaluate Solid Pharmaceutical Drugs (2): Confirming the Presence/Absence of Amorphous Substance | We introduce a method for determining the presence/absence of an amorphous substance by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and powder X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD) |
| XRD1003 | How to Evaluate Solid Pharmaceutical Drugs (3): Confirming Hydrates | Confirming the presence/absence of pseudo-polymorphs and the differences in their properties is essential to maintain the quality of APIs and products, and to avoid problems in the formulation process. |